Adapalene
Also known as Differin
The over-the-counter retinoid. Meaningfully gentler than tretinoin with most of the acne benefit — the sensible entry point.
OTC 0.1% gel roughly $12–35 depending on size and brand.
How it works
A third-generation synthetic retinoid selective for RAR-beta and RAR-gamma receptors. That selectivity gives comparable comedolytic action to tretinoin with less receptor-driven inflammation, and it is more photostable.
How it's used
Available OTC at 0.1% (and 0.3% by prescription). Nightly application, pea-sized, on dry skin. Same rules as tretinoin: build tolerance gradually, moisturise, wear SPF.
Trade-offs
In favour
- Available without a prescription
- Better tolerated than tretinoin at equivalent efficacy for acne
- Photostable — will not degrade as readily
- Inexpensive
Against
- Weaker evidence for anti-ageing than tretinoin
- Still causes an initial purge
- Maintenance required
Risks and side effects
- Pregnancy — avoid, consistent with retinoid class caution
- Irritation and dryness, especially in the first month
How good is the evidence?
Strong randomised trial evidence for acne; the retinoid most commonly recommended as a first-line OTC option.
Sources
- Acne vulgaris management guidelinesAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2024
- Adapalene versus tretinoin comparative trialsPubMed
Sources point to guideline bodies and literature searches rather than single papers, so they stay accurate as the evidence moves.